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Berlin - Germany
The capital and the population richest and area largest town of Germany is Berlin as well as as a city state an independent federal state. In addition, Berlin is the second largest town of the EU to London.
Berlin was repeatedly capital of German states like the Markgrafentums/electorate Brandenburg, the kingdom Prussia, the German empire or the DDR historical. Since the reunification on October 3rd, 1990 Berlin is an all-German capital and since the capital decision of the German Bundestag of 1991 the town also is aware of the function as parliament and seat of government of Germany since 1999.
An important traffic junction and an important economy, culture and education center is the town with numerous universities, universities, research facilities, theaters, museums and historical monuments.
Story of Berlin
1237 were, mentioned for the first time documentarily the city Cölln, part the double city Berlin-Cölln 1244 the mention of Berlin which was on the northern bank of the Spree then followed. 1307 got the two towns a common city hall. The name Berlin has to do nothing with the bear in today's municipal coat of arms. It originates presumably from the Slavonic syllable berl.
1415 became a Friedrich I. Kurfürst of the Deutschmark Brandenburg and remained to 1440th members of the family Hohenzollern ruled over it to 1918 in Berlin only as margraves of Brandenburg then as kings of Prussia and finally as Kaisers. The inhabitants of Berlin haven't always welcomed these changes
They rebelled 1448 against the cover new building of the Elector Friedrich II in the "Berlin indignation". Iron tooth. This protest, however, wasn't crowned with success and the population lost many of its political and economic liberties. Berlin then became royal seat of the Brandenburg margraves and Electors and 1451 had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic town.
The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 had devastating consequences for Berlin: a third of the houses was damaged, the population halved. 1640 confessed, Friedrich Wilhelm, as the great Elector, took on the government business of his father. He started a policy of the Immigration and the religious tolerance. As of the following year it came to the foundation of the suburbs Friedrichswerder, Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt.
1671 was given a home to fifty Jewish families from Austria. With the edict of Potsdam 1685 Friedrich Wilhelm invited the French Hugenotten to Brandenburg. Over 15,000 Frenchmen of whom 6,000 set up in Berlin came. At 1700 20 per cent of the Berlin inhabitants were Frenchmen and their cultural influence was great. In addition, many immigrants came from Böhmes, Poland and Salzburg.
Berlin attained the status of the capital of Prussia by the coronation Friedrich I. to the king 1701. The union of the cities of Berlin, Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt, was carried out 1709. But already soon new suburbs which maximized Berlin arose. It came 1861 to the incorporation of Wedding, Moabit as well as the Tempelhofer and the beautiful boar javelin suburb. Berlin then became capital of the German empire founded newly 1871.
After the end of the first World War the republic was exclaimed in Berlin in 1918. A comprehensive incorporation of several towns, country communities and good districts then followed around Berlin with the large Berlin law once more in 1920. Berlin had thus about four million inhabitants.
Berlin became the capital of the third party empire after the seizure of power of the National Socialists 1933. The Nazis used the 1936 Olympic summer Games taking place in Berlin for propaganda purposes. There also were plans to rebuild Berlin to the international capital Germania. These were foiled by the second World War, however.
During the war large portions of Berlin were destroyed by bombs and by the house fight. After the capture of the town by the red army and the surrender in 1945 Berlin, analogue became the regulation for entire Germany, divided up in four sectors. The sectors of the west Allies (USA, Great Britain and France) formed the western part of the town while as of now the sector of the Soviet Union was forming the eastern part.
A complete responsibility of all four Allies for berlin lasted, though. The increasing political differences between the west Allies and the Soviet Union led 1948/49 to an economic blockade of West Berlin which the Allies tried with the so-called airlift to avoid.
The cold war intensified to the foundation of the democratic Federal Republic of Germany in the west of Germany and the German democratic republic of (DDR) in the east of Germany, both in the year 1949, also in Berlin. While the Federal Republic was transferring its capital to Bonn next to which was imaginary as a provisional arrangement appointed the DDR East Berlin capital of the DDR. The east west conflict culminated in the construction of the Berlin Wall by the DDR on August 13th, 1961.
Berlin the east and the west were completely separated from each other now, the transition only wasn't possibly, though the DDR and East Berlin at certain checkpoints for the residents any more. The four power agreement was signed over Berlin in 1971. While the Soviet Union only related the four power status to West Berlin, the western powers 1975 underlined their opinion of the four power status in a note to the united nations over entire Berlin.
The wall finally fell under the pressure of the East German population in 1989. Already 1990 the two German states as Federal Republic of Germany reunited and Berlin became a German capital by Unification Treaty. In 1991 the Bundestag decided after a controversial public discussion that the town should be headquarters of the German Federal Government again, too. Government and parliament took their work in Berlin on September 1st, 1999.
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