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Cairo - Egypt
The capital of Egypt and the largest town of the Arabian world is Cairo. She is the political, economic and cultural center of Egypt and the Middle East. The town is headquarters of the Egyptian government, the parliament, all state and religious central authorities as well as numerous diplomatic representations.
Story of Cairo
Cairo's origins are located in several settlements. The place Cheri aha was located in today's municipal area where the gods fought Horus and Seth of each other after Egyptian mythology. The old Egyptian settlement on the east shore of the Nil became 100 n Chr .. Memphis called by the Greek and to the fortress improved by the romans later. The arabs conquered the Roman fortress 641. A store which gradually developed into a town was founded by Amr ibn Al aces in 643 to the north of it. Both settlements grew together in the place of today's old town of Cairo.
After this town had partly been destroyed by fires, the Abbasiden set up another settlement at the Nil. When the Fatimiden conquered Egypt under Dschawar in 969, they fitted their headquarters out in the town. Dschawar, a former Sicilian slave who had gone over to the Islam founded a new royal seat in this place in the same year and "the victorious one" called it Al-Qahira. This is the to this day valid name for the town. The complex of the Azhar mosque in which is the Sunni educational establishment and today's Al-Azhar university later was built under the Fatimiden.
During the power of the Mamluken between 1250 and 1517 Cairo became the most important center of an Islamic culture. 1517 became the town of Ottoman forces conquered whose rule lasted up to the late 18th century. 1798 took French troops control over Cairo under Napoléon voucher distinctive during the Egyptian expedition. The town came back 1801 under Ottoman rule again. By the middle of the 19th century the foreign indebtedness of Egypt and the weakness of the Ottoman empire had an increasing European influence the consequence in Cairo.
Ismail Pasha who ruled between 1863 and 1879 let in the town numerous buildings build and took the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 as an opportunity to present the European powers Cairo as a blossoming metropolis. The predominant part of the development was financed, however, about foreign loans, gained in Great Britain's influence through what particularly. It determined increasingly the politics after the first World War until time.
Between the World Wars the population of Cairo grew quickly and had reached the two million limit until the outbreak of the second World War. The growth of the population stopped also in the following period. The starting building boom changed the urban features by Wohn, trade and government buildings rising highly. On March 22nd, 1945 was in Cairo the Arabian league founded. As a the seat and one of the starting points for the peace process in the Middle East gained in the international meaning of the town.
The world population conference of the united nations which was held in Cairo in 1994 increased the reputation of the Egyptian capital further. Problems with which also Cairo is confronted were topic of this meeting. Overspill population, poverty and these add primarily a partly disastrous hygienic and ecological situation to it. In the recent past Islamic fundamentalists made attacks on foreign visitors in Cairo repeated with whom several people were killed. It is target of these extremist groupings to stop tourists from journeys to Egypt to break the domestic stability of the country dependent on foreign currency.
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