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Jerusalem - Israel
Jerusalem is the professed capital of Israel. Jerusalem has been one of the oldest towns of the world and probable inhabitedly for 5000 years throughout. The town was shared between 1948 and 1967 in Westjerusalem which was part of Israel and this by the majority lived of arabs in Ostjerusalem which was annexed by Jordan up to the six stage war. The contrast between modern age and antiquity is particularly visible in this town with her multicultural one and multiethnischen population. The old town is surrounded by a wall and has four parts: the Jewish quarter, the Christian quarter, the Armenian quarter and the Muslim quarter.
Story of Jerusalem
The existence of Jerusalem as a kanaanäischen city state has been V Chr . by Egyptian sources since the 18th century. when "Uruschalim" covered. The name Uruschalim/Jerusalem indicates "town of the Schalim" or "town of the peace". Schalim was a kanaanitischer God of the dusk. Shalom is Hebrew for peace. The town belonged to the Jebusitern according to the biblical report toward the end of the 2nd millennium in front of Christi.
King David Jerusalem conquered V the Jewish Bible of these after . ., Chr by the year 997 he made them to the "Davidsstadt" and to the political and religious center of the Israelitenreiches. For the Jewish religion and culture Jerusalem is center and capital since then. Its son, King Salomo, built a palace and a first temple for Jahwe. The temple mountain is put under the authority of the Islamic Waqf today, excavations aren't possible there. Illegalerweise creates a new mosque the Waqf in the so-called stables Salomos. At this construction work remains of the two Jewish temples are destroyed uncheckedly.
To Salomos death 926 in front of Christi Jerusalem became the capital of the Israelite south empire Juda. Queen Atalja and the temple led the Baalskult in the temple one and also Assyrian gods were given to Ahas under king. Only Hiskija cleaned the temple again and safeguarded the town by walls and a tunnel to the water supply. 628 made V to Joschija . Chr. Jerusalem to the only legitimate Israelite place of worship.
In different historical works you specify under use of Babylonian sources that Nebukadnezar II. the town in 586 V . Chr. conquered and destroyed the temple. If one takes the detailed chronology of the Bible into account, though, this taking fells V Chr . in the year 607. After the return of the Jewish top layer the temple was built newly. Under Roman rule this one became this large built second temples in 70 of Herodes n . Chr. destroyed by Titus. Konstantin finally declared Jerusalem the Christian town.
After a short occupation by the Persians the Byzantine ruler reconquered Heraclius the town back. Arabs conquered the town in 637. The town was voluntarily submitted by Christian nuns so that the town was taken peacefully. During the crusades Christian crusaders conquered Jerusalem under Gottfried of bouillon 1099 and caused a bloodbath there under Muslims and Jews. Within three days up to 70,000 residents were killed.
Saladin, the kurdish sturdy sultan of Egypt, managed in 1187 to conquer Jerusalem. A short intermezzo formed the power of emperor Friedrich II. of 1229 to 1244.
The Mamluken, a Turkish mercenary layer, which had taken on the power after the death Saladins in Egypt occupied the town in 1244. Tartaren, Mamluken, Mongols and Ayybiden changed themselves in the power from 1244 to 1517 off.
Citizens were only the Muslims. Christians and Jews had to make themselves recognizable by their clothes. You were allowed to perform her religion as a supporter of a book religion generally, however, were discriminated against and exploited legally in almost all areas of life. A Christian and a Jewish quarter in the town and a permanent, if also small electrical power of Christian and Jewish visitors and pilgrims nevertheless always existed.
The Mamluken were defeated by the Ottoman Turks in Syria in 1516. Sultan Selim I. won Egypt, Arabia and Syria. Jerusalem became an administration seat of an Ottoman Sandschaks. The first decades of the Turkish power brought Jerusalem a clear upswing.
After 1535 had even the fastenings of the town in line changed partly set up to sultan Süleyman I. once more, like it are present to see. By these walls the old town got its structure of today.
The far too big new walls around the sacred symbol place should put a character for the new power. Jerusalem didn't win nevertheless to meaning in the following period. The corrupt Turkish administration of local power was in disagreement in its standpoint on the Jews and Christians and hesitated between tyranny like under Ibn Faruk and tolerance bought.
The Jews and become impoverished Christians lived predominantly of the pilgrim trade. The possession of the shrines of Jerusalem was an essential source of income because of the alms connected with that. This also explains the at that time partly bitter, sometimes even violent conflicts under the Christian churches around single possession rights.
More and more Jews came into the town by Alyah as of 1860 and first residential areas were founded outside the city walls. Jerusalem remained an Ottoman town until it was occupied 1917 of British troops who fought against the Ottoman empire in the first World War.
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